Harmony reference

Tritone substitutions

Compare a dominant seventh with its tritone substitute, hear their shared guide tones and explore secondary dominants in any key.

Edit chord · G7

Tritone substitutions

Replace a dominant seventh with one six semitones away. The third and seventh exchange roles; the substitute can resolve down a semitone.

Dominant coreG7G · B · D · F
Tritone substituteD♭7D♭ · F · A♭ · B

Shared guide tones: B · F. Names use flat pitch-class spellings; equivalent spellings may differ in a score. Extensions are not carried over automatically.

Secondary dominants briefly point toward another chord. Try its dominant, then the tritone substitute, and listen to the destination.

Read about substitutions ↗
Chord · bass GG7G3 · B3 · D4 · F4
Tritone substituteD♭7D♭ · F · A♭ · B

G7 and D♭7 leading to C

G7 contains G–B–D–F. D♭7 contains D♭–F–A♭–C♭, where C♭ sounds like B. The third and seventh trade roles while retaining the same two pitches. D♭7 can replace G7 before C, with the substitute’s bass moving down a semitone. This tool may display B instead of C♭ because its note labels use a fixed pitch-class spelling.

Compare the resolution

Listen to the dominant, then the destination major or minor chord. Repeat with the substitute. The change in bass motion is part of the effect, so compare in the context of a phrase. Extended dominants may also provide the required guide tones, but their tensions need separate consideration; the suggested substitute here is a plain dominant seventh.

Explore secondary dominants

Use the destination buttons to load a dominant leading to another major or minor chord in your reference key. In C major, A7 leads to Dm; its tritone substitute is E♭7. The tool shows the selected dominant’s core, the shared tones and possible destination chords. A diminished destination is omitted from this set of examples.

Open Music Theory: substitutions ↗

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